The Bek Air plane, a a Fokker-100, was carrying 95 passengers and five crew members.
It crashed at 7.22am local time after losing height while taking off from the airport in Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city.
A statement from Almaty International Airport said the plane then hit a concrete fence and collided with the building.
There was no fire, they added.
The number of people killed was confirmed by the government's Emergency Situations Committee.
The flight had been bound for the country's capital Nur-Sultan.
A number of people have survived the crash and emergency services are at the scene.
The Fokker-100 is a medium-sized plane which ceased production in 1997.
Kazakhstan's aviation committee has suspended all flights of the aircraft type pending an investigation into the crash.
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